Learn about different ways of expressing possession
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Hello, and welcome back to FinnishPod101.com! This is Lower Beginner season 1, lesson 5 - Where in Finland Can I Find a Pencil? I’m Brandon. |
| Nico: Hei kaikki! Hi everybody! I’m Nico Tervetuloa FinnishPod101.comiin! |
| Brandon: In this lesson, we’ll review the various ways of expressing possession that we’ve learned. |
| Nico: This conversation takes place at the office. Petri is asking for something from Hanna. They're colleagues, so they'll be speaking casual Finnish. |
| Brandon: Ok, let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Petri: Hanna, onko sinulla kynää? Saanko lainata hetkeksi? |
| Hanna: Toki, ota tämä. Minä haen itselleni uuden Marilta. Kynävarastomme on hänen kaapissaan. |
| Petri: Kiitos. |
| Hanna: Marin kaapissa on myös lehtiöitä ja kumeja. |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Petri: Hanna, onko sinulla kynää? Saanko lainata hetkeksi? |
| Hanna: Toki, ota tämä. Minä haen itselleni uuden Marilta. Kynävarastomme on hänen kaapissaan. |
| Petri: Kiitos. |
| Hanna: Marin kaapissa on myös lehtiöitä ja kumeja. |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Petri: Hanna, onko sinulla kynää? Saanko lainata hetkeksi? |
| Brandon: Hanna, do you have a pencil? May I borrow one for a second? |
| Hanna: Toki, ota tämä. Minä haen itselleni uuden Marilta. Kynävarastomme on hänen kaapissaan. |
| Brandon: Sure, take this. I'll get myself a new one from Mari. Our stock of pencils is in her cabinet. |
| Petri: Kiitos. |
| Brandon: Thank you. |
| Hanna: Marin kaapissa on myös lehtiöitä ja kumeja. |
| Brandon: There are also notebooks and erasers in Mari's cabinet. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: Hanna said the office supplies are in Mari’s cabinet. Does that mean they’re under lock and key? |
| Nico: Well, I don’t think so. I mean, I haven’t gone and checked all Finnish companies to see how they store their office supplies, but in my experience they’re usually freely available to the employees. |
| Brandon: Aren’t they worried people may take them for personal use? |
| Nico: I’m sure there are people who do steal office supplies, but I don’t think it’s a big problem. Finnish people take pride in being very honest, and honesty and integrity are highly valued. Some people think that all crimes such as pickpocketing and burglary are committed by foreigners, but of course that’s not the case. |
| Brandon: (laughs) Well, I’d be very surprised to see a society with no dishonesty! Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Brandon: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Nico: kynä [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: pen, pencil |
| Nico: kynä [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: kynä [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Nico: lainata [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to borrow, to lend |
| Nico: lainata [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: lainata [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Nico: hetkeksi [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: for a second |
| Nico: hetkeksi [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: hetkeksi [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Nico: toki [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: sure |
| Nico: toki [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: toki [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Nico: itse [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: self, oneself |
| Nico: itse [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: itse [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Nico: varasto [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: stock, warehouse |
| Nico: varasto [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: varasto [natural native speed] |
| : And last: |
| Nico: pyyhekumi [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: eraser |
| Nico: pyyhekumi [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nico: pyyhekumi [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Nico: Our first word is kynä. It can refer to many kinds of pencils and pens. If you want to be more specific, you add a modifier in front of it. So you get lyijykynä for “pencil,” värikynä for “colored pencil,” kuulakärkikynä for “ballpoint pen,” and huopakynä for “felt-tip pen.” |
| Brandon: How about “fountain pen”? |
| Nico: That would be mustekynä, but we don’t usually use fountain pens in Finland. We mostly use pencils and ballpoint pens. |
| Brandon: Okay. What’s the next word? |
| Nico: Lainata. It can be either “to borrow” or “to lend” in English. |
| Brandon: You can tell which is meant from the case ending of the party that isn't the subject of the sentence. The ablative case indicates that the money - or whatever is transferred - comes from that party, and the allative case indicates that the money goes to that party. Can we have an example? |
| Nico: Sure. If I say Jaakko lainaa Erkille viisi euroa, with Erkille in the allative case, it means that Jaakko lends Erkki five euros. But if I say Jaakko lainaa Erkiltä viisi euroa, with Erkiltä in the ablative case, it means that Jaakko borrows the money from Erkki. |
| Brandon: : I see. What’s the next word? |
| Nico: Next we have itse. It means “self” or “oneself.” It’s often used as in, Minä pärjään itse, which means “I’ll get along by myself.” But often it has a possessive ending attached to it, as in Hae itsellesi uusi kynä, meaning “Fetch yourself a new pencil,” or Ostamme itsellemme koiran, which means “We’ll buy ourselves a dog.” |
| Brandon: Great. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Nico: In this lesson, we’ll review the various ways of expressing ownership we’ve learned so far. |
| Brandon: What exactly are the different constructions we’re looking at? |
| Nico: There are three constructions. The first is Minulla on kynä, or “I have a pencil.” The second is Hannan kynä, or “Hanna’s pencil,” and the third is Hänen kynänsä, or “Her pencil.” |
| Brandon: So, what’s the difference between them? |
| Nico: In terms of situations where you use them, the Minulla on kynä type is used when you give new information about what someone has. The other two constructions are used when you say something about something that is owned by someone. |
| Brandon: Er… Could you say that again? |
| Nico: (laughs) Okay, Let’s say Hanna has a pencil. The constructions are used when you want to say something about that particular pencil. You could say, for example, Hannan kynä on keltainen meaning “Hanna’s pencil is yellow.” |
| Brandon: OK, so how are the constructions different in terms of grammar? |
| Nico: Again, the first type is quite different from the others. You have the owner in the adessive case form, then the verb olla, or “to be,” and then the thing that is owned. So you could say, for example, Minulla on kissa meaning “I have a cat,” or Hänellä on punaiset hiukset for “He has red hair.” |
| Brandon: Ok, What about the other two? |
| Nico: The key difference between them is whether the owner is expressed by a personal pronoun or something else—“something else” being basically a noun or a demonstrative pronoun. |
| Brandon: The way that this affects the grammar is that if the owner is expressed by something other than a personal pronoun, it’s quite straightforward. You just use the genitive case form of the owner, and that’s it. |
| Nico: For example, Hannan kynä is “Hanna’s pencil” or tuon pojan koira means “that boy’s dog.” |
| Brandon: That sounds simple enough. However, if the owner is expressed with a personal pronoun, you need to add a possessive ending to the thing that's owned. |
| Nico: For example, hänen kynänsä is “her pencil”. |
| Brandon: Okay, let’s try this in practice. Listeners, I’ll say a sentence, and your job is to say it aloud in Finnish. Nico will give the correct answer after a few seconds. Let’s start with “Kalle has a new pen”. |
| Nico: Kallella on uusi kynä. |
| Brandon: Did you get that one? Here’s the next one. “Kalle’s pencil is new”. |
| Nico: Kallen kynä on uusi. |
| Brandon: One more. “His pencil is new”. |
| Nico: Hänen kynänsä on uusi. |
| Brandon: How was this lesson, listeners? As always, there are more examples and details in the lesson notes, so please check them out. |
| Nico: And while you’re there, please leave a comment. We’d love to hear from you! |
| MARKETING PIECE |
| Nico: Listeners, do you know the powerful secret behind rapid progress? |
| Brandon: Using the entire system. |
| Nico: Lesson notes are an important part of this system. |
| Brandon: They include a transcript and translation of the conversation... |
| Nico: ...key lesson vocabulary... |
| Brandon: and detailed grammar explanations. |
| Nico: Lesson notes accompany every audio or video lesson. |
| Brandon: Use them on the site or mobile device or print them out. |
| Nico: Using the lesson notes with audio and video media, will rapidly increase your learning speed. |
| Brandon: Go to FinnishPod101.com, and download the lesson notes for this lesson right now. |
Outro |
| Brandon: Thanks for listening! See you next time! Bye! |
| Nico: Hei hei! |
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